Gantuoyan site

The excavation of gantuoyan has made clear the accumulation status and stratigraphic relationship of the site, and obtained a large number of important cultural and natural relics with clear stratigraphic relationship, including pottery, stone tools, bone, mussel, iron and other living utensils and production tools, as well as the remains of aquatic and terrestrial animals abandoned after human consumption. According to the stratigraphic superposition and the changes of unearthed relics, the cultural remains of gantuoyan site can be divided into three stages.

The first stage is the late Neolithic cultural remains.

The unearthed relics include pottery, stone, jade, bone and bamboo. The pottery is made by hand with sand and sand. The temperature is high, some of the objects are uneven in fire, and the surface color is mottled. The pottery color is mainly gray, gray black, and reddish brown. The shape of pottery is popular with round feet, three feet and round bottom. The main utensils are pot, kettle, cup, cup shaped tripod, etc. The main patterns are rope pattern, basket pattern, milk nail pattern, serrated additional stack pattern, double line water wave pattern and short line

There are three kinds of patterns, such as pattern, S-shaped pattern, punctate pattern and diamond hollow. The rope patterns are mainly thin rope patterns, with a small number of medium rope patterns. Most of the rope patterns on the utensils are rolled, and the ornaments are disordered, and some utensils are printed with interlaced rope patterns. Some objects are decorated with various patterns, such as pottery cauldrons, pressing lace along the mouth edge, and a circle of small holes along the bottom. The small holes are decorated with string patterns, short engraving patterns, serrated additional stacked patterns and so on. Stone tools, jade are grinding, stone axe, stone adze

There are stone tools with shoulder, stone pestle and Jade axe with shoulder. In addition, the unearthed bamboo woven fragments, which are crisscross in longitude and latitude and simple in weaving, are found for the first time in Guangxi Neolithic culture. In the same period, a tomb was found, with a straight arm on the back, an irregular small stone slab pressed on the chest, and two stone pestles were buried. From the unearthed artifacts, especially from the shape and decoration of pottery, the pottery of this period is similar to that of shijiaoshan site in Pingnan, Guangxi in the late Neolithic period

The pottery unearthed at the Xinge Shouyan site is similar to the pottery unearthed from Beiqiu site in the middle and late Neolithic period in Nanning, such as the fourth phase of dingsishan site. The discovery of this period of culture is of great significance to understand the prehistoric culture of Western Guangxi and to construct the basic framework for the development of Guangxi's prehistoric culture.

The second period is the early remains of bronze culture.

The unearthed relics include pottery, stone tools, jade, bone, etc. The pottery is made by hand with sand, and some of them have high temperature. The color of pottery is mainly gray, gray black, and reddish brown. The shape of pottery is popular with circle feet and round bottom, but there are no three legged vessels. The shapes of pottery vessels increase, including pots, cauldrons, cups, pots, pots, pots, and zuns. In addition, a large number of pottery spinning wheels with concentric circular patterns are also found. The main decorative pattern is rope pattern, and the number of punches is increased

It is rare to add pile pattern, and a large number of polished pottery appear. The style of engraving on rope grain is retained, and the combined pattern of color drawing, stamping and engraving appears. The rope pattern is mainly staggered beat printing, and the rope pattern formed by rolling still exists. The stone tools and jades are finely ground, with sharp edges and rich types of utensils, including axes, adze, chisels, pestles, arrowheads, daggers, Yue, Huang, "t" shaped rings, bracelets, pipes, and models, etc. the stone tools with shoulders and sections have basically disappeared. The number of bone vessels is also very rich, including Yazhang, spade, cone, dagger, hairpin, etc. In addition, a large number of carbonized rice and millet were found. Only one tomb has been found, which is upright and upright, without any burial objects. The pottery pots unearthed in this period are basically the same as those unearthed in bamashan cave, Wuming County, Guangxi Province. Zun is similar to the similar wares unearthed at the village head site in Dongguan, Guangdong Province. The decorative styles of the pottery pots are also found in the pottery unearthed from the Fengyuan culture in Vietnam, such as adding incisions on the rope patterns, engraving various patterns on the polished surface, and filling with fine punches, grate patterns and color drawings. According to the changes of pottery, combined with stone fan, stone Ge and Gu Ya Zhang, the culture of this period should belong to the early Bronze Age in Guangxi, which is about the same as the Xia and Shang Dynasties in Central Plains.

The third period is the cultural remains of the iron age.

Only one tomb was found. One piece of iron dagger, one piece of clam ware and some perforated bone pieces were buried on the back and straight limbs. It is about the same as the Warring States period